Abstract Adding a biological apatite layer to the implant surface enhances bone healing around the implant. Objective This study aimed to characterize the mechanical properties and test human gingival fibroblasts behavior in contact with Zirconia and Titanium bioactive-modified implant materials. Methodology 6 groups were considered: Titanium (Ti6Al4V), Ti6Al4V with 5% HA and 5% ßTCP, Zirconia (YTZP), YTZP with 5% HA and 5% ßTCP. For each group, we produced discs using a novel fabrication method for functionally graded materials, under adequate conditions for etching and grit-blasting to achieve equivalent surface microroughness among the samples. Surface roughness (Ra, Rz), water contact angle, shear bond strength, and Vickers hardness were performed. Human gingival fibroblasts immortalized by hTERT gene from the fourth passage, were seeded on discs for 14 days. Cell viability and proliferation were assessed using a resazurin-based method, and cellular adhesion and morphology using field emission gun scanning electron microscopy (FEG-SEM). After 3 days of culture, images of fluorescent nucleic acid stain were collected by confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM). Results Results were presented as mean ± standard deviation (SD). We compared groups using one-way ANOVA with Tukey’s post-hoc test, and significance level was set at p<0.05. After 14 days of culture, cell viability and proliferation were significantly higher in YTZP group than in other groups (p<0.05). Samples of YTZP-ßTCP presented significantly higher wettability (p<0.05); yet, we observed no improvement in cell behavior on this group. Fibroblast spreading and surface density were more evident on YTZP specimens. Adding calcium-phosphate bioactive did not alter the tested mechanical properties; however, Ti6Al4V material shear bond strength was statistically higher than other groups (p<0.05). Conclusion Adding bioactive materials did not improve soft-tissue cell behavior. When compared to other zirconia and titanium groups, pure zirconia surface improved adhesion, viability and proliferation of fibroblasts. Cell behavior seems to depend on surface chemical composition rather than on surface roughness.

Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is a public health problem in Mexico and diet therapy is the main form of treatment. Self-management abilities are required to control the disease. Five women with GDM were studied to assess GDM risk perception and experiences related with self-management practices. Sociodemographic data were obtained and in-depth interviews were conducted and subsequently analyzed using Atlas ti V.5 software. The results revealed that women were conscious regarding the role of diet and physical activity in improving GDM control, and about the perinatal risks associated with the disease. Adherence to diet recommendations was partial, but gradual and positive lifestyle changes were observed. Emotionally, perception about having GDM was a key factor with respect to adhering to the diet. In conclusion, the medical and dietary treatment influences the cultural food behavior of women with GDM. Health professionals should consider sociocultural determinants when designing and implementing treatment strategies.

La diabetes mellitus gestacional (DMG) es un problema de salud pública en México, cuya primer línea de tratamiento es la dietoterapia. Se requieren habilidades de automanejo para el control de la enfermedad. En este trabajo se estudiaron cinco mujeres con DMG, quienes manifestaron su percepción de riesgo de la presencia de la DMG y vivencias en algunas prácticas del autocuidado. Se obtuvieron datos sociodemográficos; se realizaron entrevistas en profundidad, las cuales se analizaron con el paquete Atlas ti V.5. Los resultados demuestran que las mujeres están conscientes del papel que juega la alimentación y la actividad física en mejorar el control de su enfermedad, además de los riesgos perinatales a los que se asocia la DMG. El cumplimiento de las recomendaciones dietéticas en su mayoría fue parcial, pero se demuestran cambios positivos y graduales en el estilo de vida. Las percepciones desde las emociones que les produce la DMG, fue factor clave para que llevaran a cabo la dieta. En conclusión, el tratamiento médico y dietético influye en el comportamiento cultural alimentario de las mujeres con DMG. Los profesionales de la salud deben tomar en cuenta los determinantes socioculturales al diseñar e implementar estrategias de tratamiento.

Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is a public health problem in Mexico and diet therapy is the main form of treatment. Self-management abilities are required to control the disease. Five women with GDM were studied to assess GDM risk perception and experiences related with self-management practices. Sociodemographic data were obtained and in-depth interviews were conducted and subsequently analyzed using Atlas ti V.5 software. The results revealed that women were conscious regarding the role of diet and physical activity in improving GDM control, and about the perinatal risks associated with the disease. Adherence to diet recommendations was partial, but gradual and positive lifestyle changes were observed. Emotionally, perception about having GDM was a key factor with respect to adhering to the diet. In conclusion, the medical and dietary treatment influences the cultural food behavior of women with GDM. Health professionals should consider sociocultural determinants when designing and implementing treatment strategies.

La diabetes mellitus gestacional (DMG) es un problema de salud pública en México, cuya primer línea de tratamiento es la dietoterapia. Se requieren habilidades de automanejo para el control de la enfermedad. En este trabajo se estudiaron cinco mujeres con DMG, quienes manifestaron su percepción de riesgo de la presencia de la DMG y vivencias en algunas prácticas del autocuidado. Se obtuvieron datos sociodemográficos; se realizaron entrevistas en profundidad, las cuales se analizaron con el paquete Atlas ti V.5. Los resultados demuestran que las mujeres están conscientes del papel que juega la alimentación y la actividad física en mejorar el control de su enfermedad, además de los riesgos perinatales a los que se asocia la DMG. El cumplimiento de las recomendaciones dietéticas en su mayoría fue parcial, pero se demuestran cambios positivos y graduales en el estilo de vida. Las percepciones desde las emociones que les produce la DMG, fue factor clave para que llevaran a cabo la dieta. En conclusión, el tratamiento médico y dietético influye en el comportamiento cultural alimentario de las mujeres con DMG. Los profesionales de la salud deben tomar en cuenta los determinantes socioculturales al diseñar e implementar estrategias de tratamiento.

To promote a healthy diet, the dietary guidance should consider socio-cultural factors as they influence both the food standards and preferences of each population. The aim of this study was to describe the socio-cultural contexts of pregnancy and feeding in the domestic arena, using a qualitative approach. In-depth interviews were conducted using the data saturation technique with six women experiencing high-risk pregnancy. The interviews were transcribed and analyzed in accordance with the Bardin method and the IT Atlas program. The following aspects were identified: uncertainty due to unplanned pregnancy and limited partner support; a few dietary changes to improve health; perception of bad and good feeding habits, although it did not comply with the characteristics of a good diet; omission of fruit and vegetable group from dinner. The people in charge of preparing and serving food were not always the pregnant woman; food products perceived as being harmful were consumed and beneficial products were rarely consumed. This highlighted the need to train professionals to consider the socio-cultural context when providing dietary guidance.

Para favorecer una alimentación correcta la orientación alimentaria debe considerar factores socioculturales que condicionen patrones y preferencias del consumo de alimentos propios de cada población. El objetivo de esta investigación fue describir el contexto sociocultural del embarazo y su alimentación en el ámbito doméstico, mediante un enfoque cualitativo. Se realizaron entrevistas en profundidad a 6 mujeres con embarazo de alto riesgo bajo la técnica de saturación de la información. Las entrevistas se transcribieron y analizaron de acuerdo a Bardín con ayuda del programa Atlas TI. Se identificó: incertidumbre por el embarazo no planeado y poco apoyo de la pareja; ciertos cambios en la alimentación para mejorar la salud; percepción de una mala y buena alimentación, aunque ésta no cumplía con las características de una dieta correcta; omisión de la cena y del grupo de verduras y frutas. Las encargadas de preparar y servir los alimentos no siempre fueron las mujeres embarazadas; los alimentos percibidos peligrosos fueron consumidos y los benéficos presentaron consumo escaso. Resaltó la necesidad de capacitar a los profesionales de la salud para considerar al contexto sociocultural en la orientación alimentaria que proporcionen.

To promote a healthy diet, the dietary guidance should consider socio-cultural factors as they influence both the food standards and preferences of each population. The aim of this study was to describe the socio-cultural contexts of pregnancy and feeding in the domestic arena, using a qualitative approach. In-depth interviews were conducted using the data saturation technique with six women experiencing high-risk pregnancy. The interviews were transcribed and analyzed in accordance with the Bardin method and the IT Atlas program. The following aspects were identified: uncertainty due to unplanned pregnancy and limited partner support; a few dietary changes to improve health; perception of bad and good feeding habits, although it did not comply with the characteristics of a good diet; omission of fruit and vegetable group from dinner. The people in charge of preparing and serving food were not always the pregnant woman; food products perceived as being harmful were consumed and beneficial products were rarely consumed. This highlighted the need to train professionals to consider the socio-cultural context when providing dietary guidance.

Para favorecer una alimentación correcta la orientación alimentaria debe considerar factores socioculturales que condicionen patrones y preferencias del consumo de alimentos propios de cada población. El objetivo de esta investigación fue describir el contexto sociocultural del embarazo y su alimentación en el ámbito doméstico, mediante un enfoque cualitativo. Se realizaron entrevistas en profundidad a 6 mujeres con embarazo de alto riesgo bajo la técnica de saturación de la información. Las entrevistas se transcribieron y analizaron de acuerdo a Bardín con ayuda del programa Atlas TI. Se identificó: incertidumbre por el embarazo no planeado y poco apoyo de la pareja; ciertos cambios en la alimentación para mejorar la salud; percepción de una mala y buena alimentación, aunque ésta no cumplía con las características de una dieta correcta; omisión de la cena y del grupo de verduras y frutas. Las encargadas de preparar y servir los alimentos no siempre fueron las mujeres embarazadas; los alimentos percibidos peligrosos fueron consumidos y los benéficos presentaron consumo escaso. Resaltó la necesidad de capacitar a los profesionales de la salud para considerar al contexto sociocultural en la orientación alimentaria que proporcionen.

In this paper we describe the results of the social perception of four women who were infected with the influenza A H1N1 virus during their gestational period. They were hospitalized in an Obstetrics Hospital in Mexico City from September, 2009., to January, 2010. Although most of the women did not believe that they were infected, they decided to be hospitalized due to their gestational condition. Preventive healthcare measures were implemented to avoid the infection spreading throughout the family as well as changes in the distribution of the household chores and the consequent changes in the gender roles within the family dynamics. The perception of the pregnant women with regard to the influenza A H1N1 virus infection changed the internal dynamics of their families, thus allowing the implementation of preventive care measures to preserve family health and changing the healthcare behaviour, thus assuring the welfare of each family member.

En este trabajo se describen resultados previos respecto a algunas percepciones sociales de la infección por el virus de la influenza A H1N1, en cuatro mujeres embarazadas que estuvieron hospitalizadas en un instituto de salud entre septiembre de 2009 y en enero de 2010 en la ciudad de México. La mayoría de las mujeres no creyeron en el contagio de influenza pero todas decidieron internarse por su estado reproductivo. Las medidas preventivas dentro del sistema familiar, implicaron, la repartición de tareas modificando los roles de género. La percepción de las mujeres embarazadas respecto a la presencia del virus A H1N1, transformó parte de la dinámica familiar al implementar acciones preventivas para la salud, alterando su conducta de cuidado a favor del bienestar en cada miembro de la familia.